Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (RSS)

Celebrating 360 years of Philosophical Transactions
by Richard DixonHelen Eaton1Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA2Senior Commissioning Editor, Philosophical Transactions B, The Royal Society, London, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Science and technical priorities for private sector action to address biodiversity loss
by Emily J. McKenzieMatt JonesNina SeegaJuha SiikamäkiVarsha Vijay1Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), 24 Holborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2BN, UK2UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK3University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL), Cambridge CB2 1GG, UK4International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Washington, DC 20090, USA5Science Based Targets Network (SBTN), New York, NY 10008-7082, USA on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index
by Stuart H. M. ButchartH. Resit AkçakayaAlex J. BerrymanThomas M. BrooksIan J. BurfieldJanice ChansonMaria P. DiasJohn S. DonaldsonClaudia HermesCraig Hilton-TaylorMike HoffmannJennifer A. LuedtkeRob MartinAmy McDougallKelsey NeamBeth PolidoroDomitilla RaimondoAna S. L. RodriguesCarlo RondininiClaire RutherfordTom ScottAshley T. SimkinsSimon N. StuartJemma Vine1BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK2Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK3Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794-5245, USA4International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, Gland 1196, Switzerland5International Union for Conservation of Nature, Rue Mauverney 28, Gland 1196, Switzerland6Re:wild, PO Box 129, Austin TX 78767, USA7IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, IUCN, Rue Mauverney 28, Gland 1196, Switzerland8Department of Animal Biology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal9Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa10South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa11International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Unit, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 83QZ, UK12Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK13School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale AZ 85306, USA14CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France15Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 32, Rome 00185, Italy16Synchronicity Earth, 1 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1LF, UK17A Rocha International, 180 Piccadilly, London W1J 9HF, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Dedication: Professor Dame Georgina Mace DBE FRS (1953–2020)
by Jon BridleAndrew BalmfordSarah M. DurantRichard D. GregoryRichard PearsonAndy Purvis1Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK2Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK3Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK4Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK5RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK6Biodiversity Futures Lab, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK7Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
The utility of the Living Planet Index as a policy tool and for measuring nature recovery
by Louise McRaeRichard CornfordValentina MarconiHannah PulestonSophie E.H. LedgerStefanie DeinetPhilippa OppenheimerMike HoffmannRobin Freeman1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK2Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK3IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, Laxenburg 2361, Austria4Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Accounting for functionality in the identification of global conservation priorities: promises and pitfalls
by Ana S. L. Rodrigues1CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier 34070, France on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Sustainable high-yield farming is essential for bending the curve of biodiversity loss
by Andrew BalmfordIan J. BatemanAlison EyresTom SwinfieldThomas S. Ball1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK2Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK3University of Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK4Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute, University of Exeter, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Clustered warming tolerances and the nonlinear risks of biodiversity loss on a warming planet
by Joseph WilliamsonMuyang LuM. Florencia CamusRichard D. GregoryIlya M. D. MacleanJuan C. RochaMarjo SaastamoinenRobert J. WilsonJon BridleAlex L. Pigot 1 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, UK 2 College of Life Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China 3 RSPB Centre for Conservation Science , Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK 4 Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus , Exeter TR10 9FE, UK 5 The Anthropocene Laboratory, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , Stockholm 114 18, Sweden 6 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University , Stockholm 106 91, Sweden 7 Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014, Finland 8 Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales , Madrid 28006, Spain on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Revealing gaps in marine evidence with a natural capital lens
by A. J. FairbrassK. FraderaR. ShucksmithL. GreenhillT. AcottP. Ekins1University College London Institute for Sustainable Resources, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK2University of the Highlands & Islands Shetland, Gremista, Lerwick, Shetland ZE1 0PX, UK3Howell Marine Consulting, 23 Hauxley Links, Low Hauxley, Morpeth NE65 0JR, UK4University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, London SE10 9LS, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
How should we bend the curve of biodiversity loss to build a just and sustainable future?
by Jon BridleAndrew BalmfordSarah M. DurantRichard D. GregoryRichard PearsonAndy Purvis1Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK2Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK3Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK4Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK5RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK6Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK7Biodiversity Futures Lab, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
LIFE: A metric for mapping the impact of land-cover change on global extinctions
by Alison EyresThomas S. BallMichael DalesTom SwinfieldAndy ArnellDaniele BaiseroAmérica Paz DuránJonathan M. H. GreenRhys E. GreenAnil MadhavapeddyAndrew Balmford1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK2Conservation Research Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK3Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK4UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK5Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy6Key Biodiversity Areas Secretariat, c/o BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK7Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile8Department of Environment and Geography, Stockholm Environment Institute York, University of York, York, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
A global biogeographic regionalization for butterflies
by Collin P. GrossApril M. WrightBarnabas H. Daru1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA2Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Intertwined people–nature relations are central to nature-based adaptation to climate change
by Bruno LocatelliSandra LavorelMatthew J. ColloffEmilie CrouzatEnora BruleyGiacomo FedeleAdrienne Grêt-RegameyTobias PlieningerErik AnderssonMick AbbottJames ButlerTahia DevisscherHouria DjoudiTitouan DuboAlberto González-GarcíaPaulina G. KarimClaudia Múnera-RoldánMargot NeyretFabien QuétierNicolas SalliouGretchen Walters1Forests and Societies, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34398, France2Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble 38058, France3Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia4Université Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, Saint-Martin-d'Hères 38058, France5Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland6Conservation International, Arlington County, VA 22202, USA7Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland8Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Kassel 34125, Germany9Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany10Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland11Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden12Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potschefstroom 2531, South Africa13School of Landscape Architecture, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand14Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand15Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada16Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16000, Indonesia17IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38058, France18College of Environmental Studies and Oceanography, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan19CSIRO Environment, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia20Rewilding Europe, Wild Quarters, Monseigneur Suyslaan 4, 6564 BV, Heilig Landstichting, The Netherlands21Faculty of Geosciences and the Environment, Institute of Geography and Sustainability, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Bending the curve of biodiversity loss requires a ‘satnav’ for nature
by Andy Purvis1Biodiversity Futures Lab, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK2Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Towards a ‘people and nature’ paradigm for biodiversity and infectious disease
by Rory GibbDavid W. ReddingSagan FriantKate E. Jones1Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment,, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK2Science Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK3Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA4Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Whose conservation, revisited: how a focus on people–nature relationships spotlights new directions for conservation science
by Belinda ReyersElena M. Bennett 1 Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Pretoria , Pretoria 0028, South Africa 2 Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Natural Resource Sciences and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University , Montreal H9X 3V9, Canada on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Impacts of limits to adaptation on population and community persistence in a changing environment
by Luis-Miguel ChevinJon Bridle1CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France2Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
An African perspective to biodiversity conservation in the twenty-first century
by Bezeng S. BezengGabriel AmekaChia Michelle Valérie AnguiLaura AtuahFortuné AzihouYanis Bouchenak-KhelladiFrank CarlisleBi Tra Serges DoubiOrou G. GaoueWenceslas GatarabirwaConsolata GitauCraig Hilton-TaylorAlex HipkissRodrigue IdohouBeth A. KaplinLucy KempJacqueline S. MbawineVincent LogahPaul MatikuPaul Kariuki Ndang’ang’aEric D. NanaOnella N. N. MundiErasmus H. OwusuJon Paul RodríguezHanneline Smit-RobinsonKowiyou YessoufouVincent Savolainen 1 BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X16, Pinegowrie , Johannesburg 2123, South Africa 2 Flyway Conservation Programme, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge , Sandy SG19 2DL, UK 3 Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6 , Pretoria, Florida 1710, South Africa 4 Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 55, Legon , Acca, Ghana 5 Université Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d'Ivoire 6 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), PMB , Kumasi, Ghana 7 Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi , Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin 8 UMR Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE 17 rue de Sully , Dijon 21000, France 9 Bhejane Adventures, Wittedrift, Plettenberg Bay , Western Cape, South Africa 10 Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus , Ascot SL5 7PY, UK 11 Centre National de recherche Agronomique, Marc Delorme Research Centre , Abidjan 07 BP 13, Côte d'Ivoire 12 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 13 Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park , Johannesburg 2006, South Africa 14 Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou , Parakou BP 123, Benin 15 School of Animal, Rural & Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK 16 IUCN , Cambridge, UK 17 Fauna & Flora, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street , Cambridge, UK 18 School of Management and Plant Seed Production, National University of Agriculture, P.O. 42 Box 43 , Ketou, Benin 19 Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda , Butare, Rwanda 20 School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts-Boston , Boston, MA, USA 21 Mabula Ground Hornbill Project, P.O. Box 876 , Bela Bela 0480, South Africa 22 Hornbill Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28 , 1196 Gland, Switzerland 23 A Rocha Ghana, 4 Sabblah Link, Accra , Greater Accra Region, Ghana 24 Nature Kenya, P.O. Box 44486 , Nairobi, Kenya 25 BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, P.O. Box 3502—00100 , Nairobi, Kenya 26 Department of Biology, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK 27 Agricultural Research Institute for Development—IRAD, P.O. Box 2123 , Yaounde, Cameroon 28 Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 , Dschang, West Region, Cameroon 29 Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG25, Legon , Accra, Ghana 30 IUCN Species Survival Commission, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) and Provita , Caracas, Venezuela 31 Applied Behavioural Ecological and Ecosystem Research Unit (ABEERU), University of South Africa, Private Bag X6 , Pretoria, Florida 1717, South Africa 32 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , Richmond TW9 3AB, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.
Using the natural capital framework to integrate biodiversity into sustainable, efficient and equitable environmental-economic decision-making
by Amy R. BinnerEthan T. AddicottBen BalmfordBrett H. DayMattia C. ManciniDanny WilliamsonIan J. Bateman1Land Environment Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4PU, UK on 9 January 2025 at 08:00
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 380, Issue 1917, January 2025.